Women Figure 4 presents women's mean scores on two measures of body satisfaction (self-rated attractiveness and comfort in a swimsuit) and the measure of face satisfaction, based on women's degree of interest in cosmetic surgery and liposuction. As predicted, planned comparisons revealed no difference between wromen interested versus not interested in cosmetic surgery only on measures of self-rated attractiveness, comfort in a swimsuit, or satisfaction with one's face (p > 0.001). Also as predicted, planned comparisons revealed that women interested in liposuction and those interested in both liposuction and cosmetic surgery reported poorer self-rated attractiveness and less comfort in a swimsuit than individuals not interested (p < 0.001). The magnitude of these differences was moderate to large, as shown by the effect sizes presented in Table 2. This pattern of results occurred even when body mass index was entered as a covariate in the analysis of variances described above. Men Figure 5 presents men's mean scores on body image measures, based on their degree of interest in cosmetic surgery and liposuction. As predicted, men interested in cosmetic surgery only did not report poorer body image satisfaction than men not interested in cosmetic surgery. Men interested in cosmetic surgery reported significantly less face satisfaction (p\< 0.001), although the effect size was very small (d = 0.11). As predicted, planned comparisons revealed that men interested in liposuction or both liposuction and cosmetic surgery reported poorer self-rated attractiveness and less comfort in a swimsuit than those not interested (p < 0.001 for all), and these differences were moderate to large in size (Table 2). Similar to the pattern of results found with women, this effect occurred even when body mass index was entered as a covariate In analysis of variance (see Further Notes, number 3).
Studies with nonpatient samples have documented only weak and inconsistent associations between global body image satisfaction and a desire for cosmetic procedures.3'4 Research finds that cosmetic surgery patients generally do not differ from nonpatients in body satisfaction, except that they are more likely to express strong dissatisfaction with the specific body region targeted for surgery.5-7 (See Further Notes, number 1) In contrast to most cosmetic procedures, however, interest in liposuction may be related to global body dissatisfaction rather than to site-specific dissatisfaction because body fat is distributed across several regions of the body (e.g., stomach, hips, thighs, arms). A second aspect of body image related to interest in cosmetic surgery is appearance orientation or appearance investment, a measure of how much importance individuals place on their
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